Cenotes

Among the distinguishing attractions of the State of Yucatán are the cenotes, from the Mayan word dzonot, meaning “cavity of water.” Cenotes are unique formations in the world, since besides being the most important source of fresh water in the forests; they were also sacred places for the Maya, representing the entrance to the spiritual underworld.

The Yucatán Peninsula lacks rivers and other surface waters as the ground is limestone and very porous. Rainwater filters straight through penetrating cracks, forming caves and underground rivers, many of which are interconnected. Nevertheless, the limestone surface often sinks, revealing natural fresh-water deposits and allowing us a glimpse of the spectacular landscape of the underground waters: green, crystalline or turquoise, in configuration with stalactites and stalagmites they form veritable works of art, well worthy of admiration. By tradition, cenotes are a distinctive insignia of the natural Yucatecan landscape.

Sunlight filtering through the cracks in the rocks and projecting onto the transparent water is a visual banquet for nature lovers. Cenotes vary in size and shape according to their location. They can be as irregular as the sunken ground which makes them possible. Some are open in the form of a lake or pool; others are half hidden in the caverns; still others are completely enclosed save for the sprinkling of sunlight through the cracks above; and some are only accessible by trailing underground passages.

Although no two forms are alike, it can be said that they share certain characteristics. The water is cold since it emerges from underground deposits. It is clear and rich in flora and fauna, giving rise to an eco-system in almost perfect balance, and spectacularly beautiful.

For many years the cenotes of Yucatán have been the object of speculation and legend, since they played a determining role in the development of the Maya civilization. Immense communities grew up around them, making them the hub of the city. An abundant quantity of offerings and jewelery has been recovered from the floor of the cenotes, apparently thrown into the depths after human sacrifices. Ceramic remains and utensils destined for religious ceremonies have also been found.

As well as their exquisite natural beauty, cenotes have an important archaeological value and are perfect for ecotourism activities, such as cave diving. Submerging and penetrating the cavern depths, exploring sub aquatic galleries, and finding your way through the labyrinth of underwater tunnels is an unforgettable experience for any enthusiast. Besides diving and generally getting to know the place, there's also rappelling and swimming to enjoy, while you take in the beauty and mystery which has taken nature millions of years to shape.

Without doubt, a visit to the clear waters of a Mayan cenote is an experience so different that you are suddenly spirited away into a magical world of unreal beauty.

Among the cenotes most worthy of a visit that are easily accessible are:

Cuzama

It is famous for its cenotes and a somewhat peculiar way to visit them. Horse-drawn rail carts or “truks” follow 7 km of trails through the undergrowth to several cenotes, adding an incredible, adventurous flavor. Some of the cenotes are open and easy to reach. Others can only be reached through a whole in the ground climbing down a ladder.
Chelentun, Chacsinic-che and Bolonchojol are the main cenotes here.

Cuzama is located southeast of Mérida.

Ik'kil

Ik'kil is just 500 mt from the Chichen Itza archaeological zone. The cenote is spectacular and well worth a visit and a swim. It is situated in the ecological park, where there is also a restaurant and cabins.

It is open daily from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.

X'keken

Dzitnup or X'keken is located 7 km southwest of Valladolid, inside a subterranean chamber. Stalactite formations and turquoise waters are illuminated by a shaft of natural light which penetrates the central part of the vault through a small opening. The water is quite shallow, and so clean and clear that the fish that live here are easily spotted. Swimming is allowed.

The cenote is open to the public daily from 7 a.m. to 5 p.m.

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